Viral Threats in Kerala: One State, Multiple Outbreaks

Kerala has reported many viral diseases in 2024 so far. The state faced a health crisis, hit by an outbreak of 11 infectious diseases in the month of July alone. The viral diseases, transmitted through water, mosquitoes, air, and mites, affected lakhs of people. Kerala is one state that has reported the first cases of many viral diseases in India, including JN.1 COVID, Nipah virus, Monkeypox, Japanese encephalitis, dengue, etc. Its geography, heavy monsoon season, forest cover and wildlife’s proximity to human settlements are reasons why Kerala is prone to frequent virus outbreaks.

This blog highlights the various viruses in Kerala that have been reported over the past year and their impact on public health. Keep reading!

Recent Viruses in Kerala

Recently, Kerala has experienced outbreaks of the Nipah virus and many other viral diseases. Here are some of the most common infections in Kerala, other than Covid-19 outbreak:

1. Nipah Virus

The Nipah virus is a zoonotic pathogen that can be transmitted from animals such as pigs and fruit bats to humans. In July this year, the fourth outbreak of Nipah in Kerala happened in May 2018. Parts of Kerala are considered to be at the highest risk of a Nipah outbreak because of environmental factors and contact with infected animals.

Impact of the virus on public health

It can lead to respiratory problems in those who are affected. This virus has a high mortality rate, and its symptoms include fever, headaches, muscle pain, vomiting, and sore throat. The treatment involves managing the symptoms, as no specific drug is available to treat the Nipah virus.

2. H1N1

In June and July, a significant surge happened in the cases of H1N1 in Kerala, affecting hundreds of people. A total of 345 confirmed cases of swine flu were reported in Kerala. H1N1, a type-A influenza virus, is responsible for causing swine flu in pigs.

Impact of the virus on public health

This seasonal respiratory illness is transmitted through the air when an infected person coughs or sneezes. Swine flu affects the upper and lower respiratory tract, with symptoms such as runny nose, muscle aches, headache, fever, and decreased appetite. The disease can be life-threatening for senior citizens. Fortunately, vaccines are available for prevention, and effective treatments are also accessible for managing swine flu.

3. West Nile Virus

West Nile virus is spread through mosquito bites. Mosquitoes become infected while feeding on an infected bird, which is the natural host of the virus. It affects the nervous system and can cause inflammation in the brain and spinal cord. Interestingly, the virus was first identified in the West Nile district of Uganda. In recent news, many cases were reported of West Nile viral fever in Kerala in May. 80% of people infected with the virus show no symptoms at all. However, for those who do, symptoms may include fatigue, headache, fever, skin rash, and swollen lymph glands. Unfortunately, there is no specific vaccine or treatment available for the virus yet. The best ways to prevent it are to control mosquito breeding and avoid getting bitten by mosquitoes.

4. Japanese Encephalitis

Japanese encephalitis is also transmitted by mosquitos. It is a zoonotic viral infection of the brain. Symptoms may include fever, headache, meningitis, disorientation, tremors, etc. There was a rise in the number of cases of Japanese encephalitis in Kerala a few months ago. In severe cases, the infection is dangerous. Currently, no anti-viral treatment is available to target the virus, and treatment mostly involves supportive care to manage the symptoms.

5. Dengue

In 2024 alone, more than 2000 cases of dengue fever in Kerala have been reported so far. Dengue is transmitted from human to human through mosquitos and causes flu-like symptoms. The disease is most common in tropical regions during the monsoon season. In severe cases, it can lead to death due to a sudden drop in blood pressure or serious bleeding. The best way to prevent the spread of dengue infection is to control the population of mosquitos and keep your surroundings clean and dry.

6. Mumps

More than 11000 cases of mumps were reported in 3 months in Kerala in the first half of 2024. Mumps is a viral infection that is spread through direct contact or air by droplets from the respiratory tract of the infected person. It causes inflammation in the salivary gland, characterised by puffy cheeks and a swollen jaw. It is mostly common in children. However, adults can also get an infection despite getting vaccinated. The disease can be prevented through vaccines.

>> Also Read: What is the Mumps Virus?

To Conclude

Given the multiple outbreaks of viruses in Kerala and the potential for re-emergence, it is crucial to prioritise preventive measures and consider investing in a comprehensive health insurance plan to ensure quality healthcare to your loved ones and protect your savings.

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