Norovirus: Symptoms, Diagnosis & Treatment

• Written by Farina Khan

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Have you ever heard about the term Norovirus or are aware about the most common cause of acute gastroenteritis? Well, according to the CDC, 19-21 million cases of norovirus infection trigger each year in the USA. The first confirmed outbreak happened in the year 1972 when norovirus infection was originally referred to as Norwalk virus after the town of Norwalk. 

In this blog, we will take you through everything about norovirus infection, stomach flu symptoms, causes and of course how to prevent and treat norovirus. Keep reading further to know more about norovirus, stomach bug symptoms and more.

What is Norovirus?

Norovirus is a highly contagious virus that directly affects the stomach and intestines.

Winter is not just about cosy blankets and holiday cheers - it also comes with some unprecedented and the time certain illnesses rear their head like norovirus, also referred to as, stomach infection. 

Norovirus is actually a group of viruses that causes severe vomiting and diarrhea unlike the flu which targets the respiratory system. It is famous for causing outbreaks at crowded places like schools, offices, and even cruise ships.

The good news? For most people, norovirus is a short-lived disease, which may last  about 1-3 days. 

The bad news? Those days can feel like eternity when you will keep running to the bathroom.

What are Norovirus Symptoms?

The stomach bug symptoms are quite quick and simple. Some of the most common norovirus symptoms include:

• Nausea
• Vomiting
• Watery diarrhea
• Stomach cramps
• Fever or chills in some cases
• Feeling ill
• Low-grade fever
• Muscle pain

The signs and symptoms usually begin after 12 to 48 hours of exposure to a norovirus infection. And this may last up to 3 days and may end within a day as well. The bad part is, patients may shed virus in the form of stool even after several weeks of recovery.

If there is any other medical condition, the recovery may take more than expected time. In some cases, the norovirus symptoms are not much visible but they are still contagious and can spread quickly.

How to Diagnose Norovirus Infection?

The norovirus symptoms are enough to diagnose the infection. Generally, testing is not a necessity in case of diagnosis of norovirus infection. The physician may advise to test the stool to know the intensity of the infection.

How to Prevent Norovirus Infection? 

To prevent norovirus symptoms, here are some considerable tips:

• Always wash your hands for at least 20 seconds with soap and water.
• Hand sanitisers can be used to prevent norovirus but it is not as effective as soap.
• Avoid contaminated food and water.
• Also avoid the food prepared and cooked by someone already infected with norovirus.
• Use bleach based cleaners to kill the viruses on countertops, or any other frequently touched surface.
• Wash fruits and vegetables thoroughly and also ensure the seafood is properly cooked.
• Avoid going to public places if you are sick until at least 48 hours of symptoms.
• Don’t travel to areas of high risk of norovirus infection.
• Try to avoid contact and touch as much as possible.

Spread of Norovirus Infection

Norovirus is highly contagious and can spread like wildfire, especially in close-contact environments. Check how does norovirus infection spread:

1. Person-to-Person Contact: Shaking hands or taking care of someone.
2. Contaminated Food or Water: Consuming items touched or handled by an infected person.
3. Touching Contaminated Surfaces: Doorknobs, phones, or countertops and then touching the face.

However, the best defense to survive norovirus infection is cleanliness and hygiene.

Risk Factors for Norovirus Infection

As per the latest data released by CDC, 70% of foodborne norovirus infection occur due to the contamination of food by a handler infected with norovirus before its consumption. The risk factors of norovirus also include food items like salads, sandwiches, and bakery products. On the flip side, the contaminated water also can be a risk factor. Waterborne norovirus outbreaks may occur because of sewage contamination of wells and recreational water.

Complications in Norovirus Infection

Generally, the norovirus infection goes away on its own. However, there may times when the infection may take longer to recover or may lead to complex health conditions including malnutrition, constipation, dyspepsia, and reflux. Dehydration is one of the major things to be taken care of during the treatment and recovery. As youngsters, kids, and old age people are more vulnerable, utmost care must be ensured. 

Warning signs of dehydration include:

• Fatigue
• Dry mouth and throat
• Listlessness
• Dizziness
• Decreased urine output

Children who are dehydrated might cry with few or no tears. They might be unusually sleepy or fussy.

How to Treat Norovirus Infection?

The best way to stop the spread of norovirus infection is to manage the stomach flu symptoms carefully. Here are some tips:

• Always stay hydrated. Water and oral rehydration solutions are really helpful.
• Clear broths to prevent dehydration caused by vomiting and diarrhea.
• Your body needs energy to recover, so go with the pace!
• Avoid anti-diarrheal medications as they can prolong the virus.

Generally, people recover without medical intervention. But be sure to check out the severity of the virus. If you notice signs of severe dehydration like dizziness, confusion or decreased urination seek medical attention immediately.

Protect Yourself: A Safety Net

Norovirus is a highly contagious virus that can strike unexpectedly, even after taking the precautions. Dehydration, medical emergencies, and hospitalisation costs can add up quickly. And this is the reason, an ideal health insurance plan is important.

Our comprehensive Family Health Insurance plan offers extensive coverage for medical expenses including IPD, OPD, hospital stays, and treatment for viral infections like norovirus. With its features like cashless claims and 24*7 support, the patient can focus more on recovery rather than worrying about financial strain.

This winter arm yourself with the right knowledge and an ideal health insurance. Stay healthy, stay safe, and let Care Health Insurance take care of the rest!

>> Also Read: Nipah Virus: Causes, Symptoms and Deadly Outbreaks

Disclaimer: The above information is for reference purposes only. Kindly consult your general physician for verified medical advice. The health insurance benefits are subject to policy terms and conditions. Refer to your policy documents for more information.